Os efeitos da circuncisão no microbioma do pênis

The Effects of Circumcision on the Penis Microbiome

Lance B. Price1#*, Cindy M. Liu1,2#, Kristine E. Johnson3, Maliha Aziz1, Matthew K. Lau2, Jolene Bowers1, Jacques Ravel4, Paul S. Keim1,2, David Serwadda5, Maria J. Wawer6, Ronald H. Gray6

1 Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America,

2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America,

3 Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America,

4 University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America,

5 School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,

6 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Abstract Top

Background

Circumcision is associated with significant reductions in HIV, HSV-2 and HPV infections among men and significant reductions in bacterial vaginosis among their female partners.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We assessed the penile (coronal sulci) microbiota in 12 HIV-negative Ugandan men before and after circumcision. Microbiota were characterized using sequence-tagged 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing targeting the V3–V4 hypervariable regions. Taxonomic classification was performed using the RDP Naïve Bayesian Classifier. Among the 42 unique bacterial families identified, Pseudomonadaceae and Oxalobactericeae were the most abundant irrespective of circumcision status. Circumcision was associated with a significant change in the overall microbiota (PerMANOVA p = 0.007) and with a significant decrease in putative anaerobic bacterial families (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test p = 0.014). Specifically, two families—Clostridiales Family XI (p = 0.006) and Prevotellaceae (p = 0.006)—were uniquely abundant before circumcision. Within these families we identified a number of anaerobic genera previously associated with bacterial vaginosis including: Anaerococcus spp., Finegoldia spp., Peptoniphilus spp., and Prevotella spp.

Conclusions/Significance

The anoxic microenvironment of the subpreputial space may support pro-inflammatory anaerobes that can activate Langerhans cells to present HIV to CD4 cells in draining lymph nodes. Thus, the reduction in putative anaerobic bacteria after circumcision may play a role in protection from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Citation: Price LB, Liu CM, Johnson KE, Aziz M, Lau MK, et al. (2010) The Effects of Circumcision on the Penis Microbiome. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008422

Editor: Stefan Bereswill, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

Received: October 24, 2009; Accepted: November 9, 2009; Published: January 6, 2010

Copyright: © 2010 Price et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: This project was funded with a grant (UO1AI11171-01-02) from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health and with funding from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen). TGen is a 501(C)(3) non-profit research institute. TGen funds were provided as part of Dr. Price's institutional start-up package. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

* E-mail: lprice@tgen.org

# These authors contributed equally to this work.

+++++

FREE PDF GRÁTIS [OPEN ACCESS]

+++++

NOTA DESTE BLOGGER:

Parece que eu já li alguma coisa sobre isso em algum lugar...