Revolver e Superior: novas famílias de gene tipo transpóson do reino de plantas

Curr Genomics. 2010 March; 11(1): 62–69. doi: 10.2174/138920210790217954 PMCID: PMC2851119 Copyright ©2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Revolver and Superior: Novel Transposon-Like Gene Families of the Plant Kingdom Motonori Tomita* Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan *Address correspondence to this author at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; E-mail: tomita206@gmail.com Received September 9, 2009; Revised October 29, 2009; Accepted October 29, 2009. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract High-throughput sequencing of eukaryotic genomes has revived interest in the structure and function of repetitive genomic sequences, previously referred to as junk DNA. Repetitive sequences, including transposable elements, are now believed to play a significant role in genomic differentiation and evolution. Some are also expressed as regulatory noncoding RNAs. Vast DNA databases exist for higher eukaryotes; however, with the exception of homologues of known repetitive-sequence-families and transposable elements, most repetitive elements still need to be annotated. Revolver and Superior, both discovered in the Triticeae, are novel classes of transposon-like genes and major components of large cereal genomes.Revolver was isolated from rye via genome subtraction of sequences common to rye and wheat. Superior was isolated from rye by cleavage with EcoO109I, the recognition sites of which consist of a 5′- PuGGNCCPy-3′ multi-sequence. Revolveris 2929–3041 bp long with an inverted repeat sequence on each end. The Superiorfamily elements are 1292–1432 bp in length, with divergent 5′ regions, indicating the presence of considerable structural diversity. Revolver and Superior are transcriptionally active elements; Revolver harbors a single gene consisting of three exons and two introns, encoding a protein of 139 amino acid residues. Revolvervariants range in size from 2665 bp to 4269 bp, with some variants lacking the 5′ region, indicating structural diversity around the first exon. Revolver and Superior are dispersed across all seven chromosomes of rye. Revolver has existed since the diploid progenitor of wheat, and has been amplified or lost in several species during the evolution of the Triticeae. This article reviews the recently discovered Revolverand Superior families of plant transposons, which do not share identity with any known autonomous transposable elements or repetitive elements from any living species. Keywords: Transposon, gene family, Revolver, Superior, structural diversity, quantitative change, evolution, plant kingdom. +++++ FREE PDF GRATIS