Human eye/Olho Humano/Cornelius Hunter
Developmental sources of conservation and variation in the evolution of the primate eye
Michael A. Dyer a,b,1,2, Rodrigo Martins a,c,1, Manoel da Silva Filho d, José Augusto P. C. Muniz e,
Luiz Carlos L. Silveira d, Constance L. Cepko f and Barbara L. Finlay g,2
-Author Affiliations
aDepartment of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105;
bDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38105;
cInstituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Cidade Universitaria, 21941-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
dUniversidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;
eCentro Nacional de Primatas, 67030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil;
fDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115; and
gDepartment of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
↵1M.A.D. and R.M. contributed equally to this work.
Edited by Dale Purves, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, and approved March 30, 2009 (received for review February 10, 2009)
Abstract
Conserved developmental programs, such as the order of neurogenesis in the mammalian eye, suggest the presence of useful features for evolutionary stability and variability. The owl monkey, Aotus azarae, has developed a fully nocturnal retina in recent evolution. Description and quantification of cell cycle kinetics show that embryonic cytogenesis is extended in Aotus compared with the diurnal New World monkey Cebus apella. Combined with the conserved mammalian pattern of retinal cell specification, this single change in retinal progenitor cell proliferation can produce the multiple alterations of the nocturnal retina, including coordinated reduction in cone and ganglion cell numbers, increase in rod and rod bipolar numbers, and potentially loss of the fovea.
proliferation nocturnal diurnal retinal development p27Kip1
Footnotes
2To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:michael.dyer@stjude.org or blf2@cornell.edu
Author contributions: M.A.D., J.A.P.C.M., L.C.L.S., C.L.C., and B.L.F. designed research; M.A.D., R.M., M.d.S.F., J.A.P.C.M., L.C.L.S., and B.L.F. performed research; M.A.D., L.C.L.S., and B.L.F. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; M.A.D., R.M., L.C.L.S., C.L.C., and B.L.F. analyzed data; and M.A.D., R.M., C.L.C., and B.L.F. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
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