Crow White1,*, Kimberly A. Selkoe3, James Watson2, David A. Siegel2, Danielle C. Zacherl4 and
Robert J. Toonen3
-Author Affiliations
1Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
2Institute for Computational Earth System Science and Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
3Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
4Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
*Author for correspondence (crowsfeather@gmail.com).
Abstract
Management and conservation can be greatly informed by considering explicitly how environmental factors influence population genetic structure. Using simulated larval dispersal estimates based on ocean current observations, we demonstrate how explicit consideration of frequency of exchange of larvae among sites via ocean advection can fundamentally change the interpretation of empirical population genetic structuring as compared with conventional spatial genetic analyses. Both frequency of larval exchange and empirical genetic difference were uncorrelated with Euclidean distance between sites. When transformed into relative oceanographic distances and integrated into a genetic isolation-by-distance framework, however, the frequency of larval exchange explained nearly 50 per cent of the variance in empirical genetic differences among sites over scales of tens of kilometres. Explanatory power was strongest when we considered effects of multiple generations of larval dispersal via intermediary locations on the long-term probability of exchange between sites. Our results uncover meaningful spatial patterning to population genetic structuring that corresponds with ocean circulation. This study advances our ability to interpret population structure from complex genetic data characteristic of high gene flow species, validates recent advances in oceanographic approaches for assessing larval dispersal and represents a novel approach to characterize population connectivity at small spatial scales germane to conservation and fisheries management.
seascape genetics dispersal pelagic larvae isolation by distance derived oceanographic distance
Footnotes
Received December 4, 2009.
Accepted January 15, 2010.
© 2010 The Royal Society
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