Remnants of an Ancient Metabolism without Phosphate
Joshua E. Goldford, Hyman Hartman, Temple F. Smith, Daniel Segrè5
5Lead Contact: Daniel Segrè
Published Online: March 02, 2017
Open Access DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.001
Article Info
Publication History
Published: March 2, 2017 Accepted: January 31, 2017 Received in revised form: December 16, 2016 Received: September 12, 2016
User License
Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Highlights
• We computationally test the plausibility of an ancient metabolism without phosphate
• A phosphate-independent network exists within biosphere-level metabolism
• This network displays hallmarks of prebiotic chemistry, e.g., iron-sulfur cofactors
• This could represent a “metabolic fossil” of early thioester-driven biochemistry
Summary
Phosphate is essential for all living systems, serving as a building block of genetic and metabolic machinery. However, it is unclear how phosphate could have assumed these central roles on primordial Earth, given its poor geochemical accessibility. We used systems biology approaches to explore the alternative hypothesis that a protometabolism could have emerged prior to the incorporation of phosphate. Surprisingly, we identified a cryptic phosphate-independent core metabolism producible from simple prebiotic compounds. This network is predicted to support the biosynthesis of a broad category of key biomolecules. Its enrichment for enzymes utilizing iron-sulfur clusters, and the fact that thermodynamic bottlenecks are more readily overcome by thioester rather than phosphate couplings, suggest that this network may constitute a “metabolic fossil” of an early phosphate-free nonenzymatic biochemistry. Our results corroborate and expand previous proposals that a putative thioester-based metabolism could have predated the incorporation of phosphate and an RNA-based genetic system.
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