The human initiator is a distinct and abundant element that is precisely positioned in focused core promoters
Long Vo ngoc, California Jack Cassidy, Cassidy Yunjing Huang, Sascha H.C. Duttke and James T. Kadonaga
- Author Affiliations
Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
Corresponding author: jkadonaga@ucsd.edu
Abstract
DNA sequence signals in the core promoter, such as the initiator (Inr), direct transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Here we show that the human Inr has the consensus of BBCA+1BW at focused promoters in which transcription initiates at a single site or a narrow cluster of sites. The analysis of 7678 focused transcription start sites revealed 40% with a perfect match to the Inr and 16% with a single mismatch outside of the CA+1 core. TATA-like sequences are underrepresented in Inr promoters. This consensus is a key component of the DNA sequence rules that specify transcription initiation in humans.
Keywords: RNA polymerase II initiator core promoter transcription start site focused transcription
Footnotes
Supplemental material is available for this article.
Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.293837.116.
Received November 14, 2016. Accepted December 19, 2016.
© 2017 Vo ngoc et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genesdev.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
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