Ilya Bobrovskiy1,*, Janet M. Hope1, Andrey Ivantsov2, Benjamin J. Nettersheim3, Christian Hallmann3,4, Jochen J. Brocks1,*
1Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
2Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
3Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany.
4MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
↵*Corresponding author. Email: ilya.bobrovskiy@anu.edu.au (I.B.); jochen.brocks@anu.edu.au (J.J.B.)
Science 21 Sep 2018: Vol. 361, Issue 6408, pp. 1246-1249
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7228
Source/Fonte: The Australian National University (ANU)
The first complex organisms emerged during the Ediacaran period, around 600 million years ago. The taxonomic affiliation of many of these organisms has been difficult to discern. Fossils of Dickinsonia, bilaterally symmetrical oval organisms, have been particularly difficult to classify. Bobrovskiy et al. conducted an analysis using lipid biomarkers obtained from Dickinsonia fossils and found that the fossils contained almost exclusively cholesteroids, a marker found only in animals (see the Perspective by Summons and Erwin). Thus, Dickinsonia were basal animals. This supports the idea that the Ediacaran biota may have been a precursor to the explosion of animal forms later observed in the Cambrian, about 500 million years ago.
Science, this issue p. 1246; see also p. 1198
Abstract
The enigmatic Ediacara biota (571 million to 541 million years ago) represents the first macroscopic complex organisms in the geological record and may hold the key to our understanding of the origin of animals. Ediacaran macrofossils are as “strange as life on another planet” and have evaded taxonomic classification, with interpretations ranging from marine animals or giant single-celled protists to terrestrial lichens. Here, we show that lipid biomarkers extracted from organically preserved Ediacaran macrofossils unambiguously clarify their phylogeny. Dickinsonia and its relatives solely produced cholesteroids, a hallmark of animals. Our results make these iconic members of the Ediacara biota the oldest confirmed macroscopic animals in the rock record, indicating that the appearance of the Ediacara biota was indeed a prelude to the Cambrian explosion of animal life.
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