Am J Stem Cells 2016;5(1):11-18
www.AJSC.us /ISSN:2160-4150/AJSC0030217
Review Article
Influence of paternal preconception exposures on their offspring: through epigenetics to phenotype
Jonathan Day1, Soham Savani1, Benjamin D Krempley1, Matthew Nguyen1, Joanna B Kitlinska2
1Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University Special Master’s Program in Physiology,
Washington, DC, USA; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University
Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Received April 10, 2016; Accepted April 28, 2016; Epub May 15, 2016; Published May 30, 2016
Source/Fonte: Georgetown Medical Center
Abstract:
Historically, research into congenital defects has focused on maternal impacts on the fetal genome during gestation and prenatal periods. However, recent findings have sparked interest in epigenetic alterations of paternal genomes and its effects on offspring. This emergent field focuses on how environmental influences can epigenetically alter gene expression and ultimately change the phenotype and behavior of progeny. There are three primary mechanisms implicated in these changes: DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA expression. This paper provides a summary and subsequent review of past research, which highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on paternal germ cells during the lifetime of an individual as well as those of future generations. These findings support the existence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of paternal experiences. Specifically, we
explore epidemiological and laboratory studies that demonstrate possible links between birth defects and paternal age, environmental factors, and alcohol consumption. Ultimately, our review highlights the clinical importance of these factors as well as the necessity for future research in the field.
Keywords: Transgenerational effects, paternal preconception exposures, epigenetics
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